U.S. drug developer Novavax has started a mid-stage study of its experimental COVID-19 vaccine in South Africa. The company says the study will be conducted on about 2,665 healthy adults and will evaluate safety and immunogenicity in about 240 medically stable HIV-positive adults. South Africa is the world’s fifth-worst affected country with 583,653 recorded coronavirus cases and 11,677 deaths. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is giving a grant of 15 million U.S. dollars toward the clinical trial.
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In This Story: HIV
The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive.
Without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. In most cases, HIV is a sexually transmitted infection and occurs by contact with or transfer of blood, pre-ejaculate, semen, and vaginal fluids. Research has shown (for both same-sex and opposite-sex couples) that HIV is untransmittable through condomless sexual intercourse if the HIV-positive partner has a consistently undetectable viral load.
Non-sexual transmission can occur from an infected mother to her infant during pregnancy, during childbirth by exposure to her blood or vaginal fluid, and through breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells.
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